Most penalties result in replaying the down. Some defensive penalties give the offense an automatic first down.[20] Conversely, some offensive penalties result in loss of a down (loss of the right to repeat the down).[20] If a penalty gives the offensive team enough yardage to gain a first down, they get a first down, as usual. The only penalty that results in points is if a team on offense commits a certain fouls, such as holding, in its own end zone, which results in a safety.
If a foul occurs during a down (after the play has begun), the down is allowed to continue and an official throws a yellow penalty flag near the spot of the foul. When the down ends, the team that did not commit the foul has the option of accepting the penalty, or declining the penalty and accepting the result of the down.
Variations
See also: List of gridiron football codes
- Limited contact
- touch football. A play ends when a defender touches the ball carrier (sometimes with two hands).
- flag football. A play ends when a defender removes a designated token ("flag") worn by the ball carrier.
- Wrap. A play ends when a defender wraps his arms round the ball carrier.
- Fewer players
- Smaller field
- The Arena Football League is a league that plays eight-man football, but also plays indoors and on a much smaller playing surface with rule changes to encourage a much more offensive game.
- Catch and Run
- In this game, the children split into two teams and line up at opposite sides of the playing field. One side throws the ball to the other side. If the opposing team catches the ball, that player tries to run to the throwing teams touchdown without being tagged/tackled. If no one catches the ball or if the player is tagged/tackled, then that team has to throw the ball to the opposing team. This repeats until time runs out or the players decide to quit.
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